Unveiling Iran's True Power: Beyond The Presidency
The global spotlight often fixates on presidential elections in countries like Iran, with the recent inauguration of Masoud Pezeshkian in July 2024 drawing significant attention. Yet, for those seeking to understand who is in charge in Iran, focusing solely on the presidency offers only a partial, and often misleading, picture. While a president assumes the public face of the nation, manages economic and domestic policy, and oversees ministries and bureaucracy, the foundational design of the Islamic Republic intentionally limits this office's ultimate authority.
Indeed, the intricate web of power within Iran is far more complex than a typical democratic system, where the head of state and government usually holds the supreme executive power. In Iran, a unique hierarchical structure dictates that real power, particularly over critical national security, foreign policy, and strategic decisions, resides elsewhere. Understanding this nuanced arrangement is crucial for anyone attempting to grasp the true dynamics of governance in this geopolitically vital Shia Islamic Republic.
Table of Contents
- The President's Role: A Limited Mandate
- The Supreme Leader: The Ultimate Authority in Iran
- The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Quds Force: A State Within a State
- The Guardian Council: Gatekeepers of the System
- The Assembly of Experts: Overseeing the Supreme Leader
- Other Pillars of Power: Judiciary, Parliament, and Expediency Council
- Historical Roots: The Legacy of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
- Foreign Policy and National Security: Unilateral Control
The President's Role: A Limited Mandate
When Masoud Pezeshkian took office as Iran's president in July 2024, many international observers naturally assumed he would be the primary decision-maker for the nation. However, this

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